北方氣候寒冷，保溫系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量與性能在北方住宅建筑中非常重要。不僅要考慮到保溫系統(tǒng)的保溫性能，還要兼顧防火性能、施工工藝等多方面因素。建筑材料在不斷的更新?lián)Q代，不斷有新材料出現(xiàn)，在眾多的種類(lèi)中，相較于價(jià)格，性能是更應(yīng)該考慮的問(wèn)題。隨著科技的發(fā)展進(jìn)步，保溫系統(tǒng)的種類(lèi)也在不斷的增加，不同的建筑類(lèi)型需要配置不同的保溫系統(tǒng)，建筑與保溫相匹配，才能達(dá)到良好的保溫效果。傳統(tǒng)的聚苯板外保溫系統(tǒng)在歷經(jīng)了多年的檢驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，其雖然保溫性能穩(wěn)定，但是防火性能方面卻不盡人意。

　　The climate in the north is cold, and the quality and performance of insulation systems are very important in residential buildings in the north. Not only should the insulation performance of the insulation system be considered, but also multiple factors such as fire resistance and construction technology should be taken into account. Building materials are constantly being updated and new materials are emerging. Among the many types, performance should be considered more than price. With the development and progress of technology, the types of insulation systems are constantly increasing. Different types of buildings require different insulation systems to be configured. Only by matching the building with insulation can good insulation effects be achieved. The traditional polystyrene board external insulation system has been tested for many years and found that although its insulation performance is stable, its fire resistance is not satisfactory.

　　近年來(lái)，我國(guó)發(fā)生的多起嚴(yán)重高層住宅火災(zāi)，很多都是因?yàn)橥獗夭牧戏阑鹦阅懿贿_(dá)標(biāo)而引起的。對(duì)此，國(guó)家政府部門(mén)對(duì)于高層建筑外保溫系統(tǒng)的防火性能做出了明確的規(guī)定：對(duì)于人員密集的公共建筑，高度在100m以上的住宅和高度在50m以上的公共建筑，必須采用A級(jí)不燃的保溫材料，強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行，不得違規(guī)。在實(shí)際的工程應(yīng)用中，我們選用的A級(jí)不燃的保溫材料多為巖棉，巖棉也是高層住宅中應(yīng)用最多，性價(jià)比最高的保溫材料。與聚苯板保溫系統(tǒng)相較而言，巖棉具有其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是也因?yàn)椴牧媳旧淼奶厥庑裕覀冊(cè)诠こ淌褂弥校脖仨毧紤]到其與工程性能是否相適應(yīng)。在實(shí)際工程中，巖棉作為A級(jí)不燃的保溫材料在高層住宅保溫系統(tǒng)中被廣泛推薦采用。相比較聚苯板保溫系統(tǒng)，巖棉具有自身的材料特性，施工時(shí)必須充分考慮其工程適宜性能。市場(chǎng)上存在不同類(lèi)型礦物棉保溫材料及產(chǎn)品，如何在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中選擇合適的保溫材料、保溫產(chǎn)品、保溫系統(tǒng)，本文從生產(chǎn)工藝、材料特性、適用范圍等方面對(duì)幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了對(duì)比說(shuō)明和分析。

　　In recent years, many serious high-rise residential fires have occurred in China, many of which are caused by the inadequate fire resistance of external insulation materials. In this regard, the national government has made clear regulations on the fire performance of external insulation systems for high-rise buildings: for densely populated public buildings, residential buildings with a height of over 100m, and public buildings with a height of over 50m, A-level non combustible insulation materials must be used and enforced, and no violations are allowed. In practical engineering applications, the A-grade non combustible insulation material we choose is mostly rock wool, which is also the most commonly used and cost-effective insulation material in high-rise residential buildings. Compared with polystyrene board insulation systems, rock wool has its unique advantages. However, due to the particularity of the material itself, we must also consider whether it is compatible with the engineering performance in engineering use. In practical engineering, rock wool is widely recommended as an A-grade non combustible insulation material in high-rise residential insulation systems. Compared to polystyrene board insulation systems, rock wool has its own material characteristics, and its engineering suitability must be fully considered during construction. There are different types of mineral wool insulation materials and products in the market. How to choose suitable insulation materials, insulation products, and insulation systems in practical applications? This article compares and analyzes several common problems from the aspects of production technology, material characteristics, and application scope.

　　巖棉與礦渣棉

　　Rock wool and slag wool

　　巖棉與礦渣棉在本質(zhì)上都屬于礦物棉,二者之間在生產(chǎn)工藝、纖維形態(tài)、耐堿性、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、不燃性等方面都非常相似。一般我們也習(xí)慣將巖棉和礦渣棉統(tǒng)稱為礦棉,很多人也會(huì)因此認(rèn)為兩者是同一種東西。甚至有很多人覺(jué)得礦渣棉外觀看上去色澤潔白，相比于巖棉的灰綠色，白色自然更讓人覺(jué)得“純凈”。實(shí)際上這是一個(gè)認(rèn)知上的誤區(qū)，雖然二者都屬于礦物棉的范疇,但也還客觀上存在一些不同之處。而之所以會(huì)存在差異，其主要原因是因?yàn)槎咚脑铣煞菔遣煌摹?.1巖棉與礦渣棉化學(xué)成份及酸度系數(shù)的比較在我國(guó),礦渣棉的主要原料通常為高爐渣或其它冶金爐渣,而巖棉的主要原料則為玄武巖或輝綠巖,它們的化學(xué)成份存在很大的差異。通常我們?cè)趯?duì)巖棉與礦棉進(jìn)行區(qū)分時(shí)，主要看二者的酸度系數(shù)，這也是將二者區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。酸度系數(shù)指的是產(chǎn)品中酸性氧化物之和與堿性氧化物之和的比值，也可以稱之為酸堿系數(shù)。表示為MK=(二氧化硅+三氧化二鋁)/（氧化鈣+氧化鎂）。判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以1.6為界，1.6以上（包括1.6）為巖棉，低于1.6則為礦渣棉。酸度系數(shù)越大，則巖棉和礦渣棉的化學(xué)耐久性越好。巖棉因?yàn)樗岫认禂?shù)高于礦渣棉，所以化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性更好，更耐高溫。巖棉的pH值一般＜4，礦渣棉的pH值一般＞5，甚至＞6。1.2巖棉與礦渣棉主要性能的差異因?yàn)閹r棉與礦渣棉之間化學(xué)成份的不同，酸度系數(shù)也有明顯差別,因此在性能方面自然也存在差別。在耐水性方面，巖棉優(yōu)于礦渣棉，因此在潮濕環(huán)境中使用巖棉更為適宜。巖棉使用溫度可達(dá)800℃以上，軟化溫度高達(dá)900℃~1000℃。而礦渣棉在675℃就很容易產(chǎn)生粉化而解體，因此礦渣棉的使用溫度必須要控制在675℃以下。巖棉的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)0.037~0.039W/M·K礦渣棉的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)要略高一些。

　　Rock wool and slag wool are essentially mineral wool, and they are very similar in terms of production process, fiber morphology, alkali resistance, thermal conductivity, and non flammability. Generally, we also commonly refer to rock wool and slag wool as mineral wool, and many people may think that the two are the same thing because of this. Many people even think that slag wool looks white when viewed from the outside, and compared to the gray green color of rock wool, white naturally makes people feel "pure". In fact, this is a cognitive misconception. Although both belong to the category of mineral wool, there are still some objective differences. The main reason for the difference is that the raw material components contained in the two are different. 1.1 Comparison of Chemical Composition and Acidity Coefficient between Rock Wool and Slag Wool In China, the main raw materials for slag wool are usually blast furnace slag or other metallurgical slag, while the main raw materials for rock wool are basalt or diabase, with significant differences in their chemical composition. Usually, when distinguishing between rock wool and mineral wool, we mainly look at their acidity coefficients, which are also the main criteria for distinguishing between the two. The acidity coefficient refers to the ratio of the sum of acidic oxides to the sum of alkaline oxides in a product, also known as the acid-base coefficient. Expressed as MK=(silica+alumina)/(calcium oxide+magnesium oxide). The judgment standard is based on 1.6, with rock wool above 1.6 (including 1.6) and slag wool below 1.6. The higher the acidity coefficient, the better the chemical durability of rock wool and slag wool. Rock wool has better chemical stability and is more resistant to high temperatures due to its higher acidity coefficient than slag wool. The pH value of rock wool is generally<4, and the pH value of slag wool is generally>5, or even>6. 1.2 The main performance differences between rock wool and slag wool are due to the different chemical compositions and acidity coefficients between rock wool and slag wool, so there are naturally differences in performance. In terms of water resistance, rock wool is superior to slag wool, so it is more suitable to use rock wool in humid environments. Rock wool can be used at temperatures above 800 ℃, with softening temperatures ranging from 900 ℃ to 1000 ℃. However, slag cotton is prone to pulverization and disintegration at 675 ℃, so the use temperature of slag cotton must be controlled below 675 ℃. The thermal conductivity of rock wool is 0.037-0.039W/M · K, while the thermal conductivity of slag wool is slightly higher.

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